Mapping Marginality: A Study of SC and ST Population Distribution in North Bengal, India

This study analyses the spatial distribution and demographic inequality of Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) populations in North Bengal, covering six districts-Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Darjeeling, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur, and Maldah-using Census 2011 data. The research combines graphical techniques (pie charts and bar diagrams) with quantitative measures such as the Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient to assess inequality across rural and urban areas. Findings reveal that the SC population is relatively evenly distributed (G = 0.194), with the highest concentration in Koch Bihar (50.17%). In contrast, the ST population shows greater spatial unevenness (G = 0.37), particularly in urban areas where inequality is pronounced (G = 0.65). The region remains predominantly rural, with over 85% of residents living in rural areas in most districts. Urban SC and especially ST populations are comparatively low, with ST representation falling below 1% in several districts. The study highlights persistent rural-urban disparities and recommends spatially targeted welfare initiatives, improved urban inclusion policies, and regular inequality monitoring to promote equitable and inclusive regional development. Keywords: SC, ST, Spatial Inequality, North Bengal, Rural-Urban Divide, Gini Coefficient.