ShodhPatra: International Journal of Science and Humanities

Sustainable Practices in Assam’s Bell and Brass Metal Handicrafts: A SWOT-TOWS and Triple Bottom Line Analysis”

Abstract The Bell and Brass metal handicrafts of Assam represent a centuries-old legacy of cultural heritage, craftsmanship, and sustainable livelihoods. This study evaluates the long-term sustainability of these traditional industries by examining economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, which included quantitative surveys of 332 artisans from Sarthebari and Hajo, as well as qualitative focus group discussions. These methods were used to assess livelihood patterns, market challenges, and perceptions of sustainability. Findings mentions that bell and brass metal units provides rural employment and keeps the culture intact. This handicraft industry faces significant challenges, including a shortage of raw materials, exploitation by middlemen, low mechanization, and limited involvement from younger generations. The SWOT–TOWS analysis was done to identify the key strategies. The study highlights that diversifying into decorative crafts can boost artisans' income while eco-friendly production methods maintain environmental balance. Using the Triple Bottom Line framework, it emphasizes the need to balance economic viability, social inclusivity, and ecological responsibility. To achieve sustainable growth, it is crucial to preserve traditional techniques, introduce design innovations, improve working conditions, and train younger artisans. Keywords: Sustainability, Bell Metal, Brass Metal, Assam, SWOT–TOWS, Triple Bottom Line, Handicraft, GI Tag, Cultural Heritage