Myth as a Cultural Force: Reconstruction of Identity among the Matua Community from an Emic Perspective

The Namasudra-Matua community is the second-largest Scheduled Caste group in West Bengal, garnering significant academic and political focus due to its identity politics and ability to sway electoral outcomes. In the course of constructing and maintaining identity, the community has used various myths strategically. This study explores how myths influence identity formation in this community, using a functionalist and emic approach. Rather than treating myth as fiction or as unverified historical accounts requiring empirical verification, this paper argues that myth functions as a dynamic cultural force that deconstructs, reconstructs, and legitimises collective identity. Using qualitative micro-ethnography, including interviews, observation, and informal talks, this article examines community myths about their origins, the shift into untouchability, and liberation from stigma. These myths serve as symbols helping communities negotiate identity, dignity, social recognition, and collective mobilisation. The paper suggests myths do not arise from their historical accuracy, subconscious desires, or interest in origins, but from their social necessity. Their value lies more in circulation than origin. Myths help marginalised groups by giving moral legitimacy, reinforcing solidarity, organising social memory, and resisting dominant ideologies. Within communities, these myths are experienced as lived truths, shaping daily consciousness and aspirations. The study highlights the paradox of community resistance, concluding that myths are active cultural tools for interpreting the past, understanding the present, and legitimising claims, serving not just as stories of history but as vital parts of daily life.