| 1 |
Author(s):
Mubashra Yesmin, Gautami Bezbaruah.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
1-8
|
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Classrooms: Benefits, Barriers, and Responsible Adoption
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing contemporary educational practices by enabling data-driven instruction, personalized learning experiences, and automated academic support systems. Technologies such as intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive learning platforms, and AI-based assessment tools have the potential to enhance student engagement, improve learning outcomes, and support teachers in instructional decision-making. However, alongside these benefits, the integration of AI in classroom settings presents significant challenges, including concerns related to algorithmic bias, academic integrity, data privacy, unequal access to technology, and limited teacher preparedness. This review paper critically analyses existing research on the role of AI in education, examining both its opportunities and associated risks. The paper further discusses ethical, responsible, and context-sensitive strategies for effective AI implementation in classrooms. By addressing pedagogical, ethical, and institutional considerations, the study aims to support educators, policymakers, and stakeholders in leveraging AI to create inclusive, equitable, and meaningful learning environments suited to the demands of 21st-century education.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Himanshu Kashyap, Prof. Dr. Anita Ladha.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Law
Page No:
9-14
|
Principle of Non-Refoulement and Indian Judiciary: an Analysis
Abstract
India has followed vasudhaiva kutumbakam since time immemorial. In 1959, India gave refuge to Dalai Lama with of his one lakh followers. During Pakistan-Bangladesh War approximately 1 crore refugees came to India. India has accepted refugees from various neighbouring countries like Rohingya from Myanmar, Sri Lankan Tamils from Sri Lanka, Chakma from Bangladesh etc. Till 2023, 46569 refugees were registered with UNHRC in India. India has not signed Convention Relating to Status of Refugees 1951 and its Protocol, 1967 still India follows its core principle of non-refoulement by not deporting refugees where they have fear of persecution due to religion, race, membership of a particular social group, nationality, or political opinion. Constitution of India provides various fundamental rights to both citizens and non citizens, ranging from right to life, liberty, equality, etc. By various judicial pronouncements Indian judiciary has read principle of non-refoulement into Article 21. Recently in the case of Mohammad Salimullah vs Union of India, 2021 Supreme Court held that “the right not to be deported, is ancillary or concomitant to the right to reside or settle in any part of the territory of India guaranteed under Article 19(1)(e)”. In this article the authors will dive deep into the principle of non-refoulement from perspective of Indian Judiciary.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Chaitali Halder, Santoshi Halder.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
15-34
|
Prevalence of Mental Health Problems among Students: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Objectives: Research suggests that children and adolescents are more prone to experience mental health problems, and if it remains undetected, it can badly affect their adulthood. This systematic review aimed to identify the prevalence of mental health problems among students.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Only English articles were searched in Google Scholar, PubMed, and ERIC.
Results: 85 studies were included, covering all the prevalent mental health problems of the students over the last 12 years (2012-2023). Depression and anxiety were the most common mental health problems. The prevalence of depression ranged from 6.2% to 99.2%, and anxiety from 5.2% to 76.7%. Robust prevalence estimation of other MHPs could not be possible because of the minimal number of reports. Additionally, students belonging to developing countries were more likely to suffer from MHPs than the developed countries.
Conclusion: Research on mental health problems of the students mainly focuses on anxiety and depression, leaving important gaps concerning other MHPs. Distinct terminologies, diagnostic criteria, and assessment tools hinder the comparability of outcomes across studies. Further studies should concentrate on using standardized assessment tools and expand their scope to more MHPs.
Keywords: Mental health problems, students, prevalence, systematic review
| 4 |
Author(s):
Topha Manham.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
35-41
|
Role of Media in Shaping Political Awareness in Arunachal Pradesh: A Literature-Based Analysis
Abstract
Media plays a pivotal role in shaping political awareness and democratic participation in contemporary societies. In geographically remote and culturally diverse regions such as Arunachal Pradesh, media influence assumes particular importance in connecting citizens with political institutions and national discourse. This study examines the role of traditional and digital media in shaping political awareness in Arunachal Pradesh through a qualitative analysis based on secondary data and an extensive review of existing literature. The paper explores the historical evolution of media in the state, patterns of media consumption, the role of media in political socialization and electoral participation, and the challenges posed by algorithmic mediation, misinformation, and regulation. The findings reveal that while media has expanded political awareness and civic engagement, its impact remains uneven due to infrastructural disparities, digital divides, and framing biases. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for context-sensitive media policies, enhanced media literacy, and safeguards for freedom of expression to strengthen democratic processes in the state.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Nyage Riba.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
42-49
|
Impact of MGNREGA on Rural Income and Employment in the Basar Area of Leparada District, Arunachal Pradesh
Abstract
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) represents a landmark intervention in India’s rural development strategy by legally guaranteeing wage employment and strengthening livelihood security. In geographically remote and economically vulnerable regions such as Arunachal Pradesh, the programme assumes heightened significance due to limited non-farm employment opportunities and seasonal instability in agricultural income. This study examines the impact of MGNREGA on rural income and employment in the Basar area of Leparada district, using primary survey data collected from beneficiary households. The analysis focuses on employment generation, income security, social inclusion, migration dynamics, and implementation challenges. The findings indicate that MGNREGA has played a stabilizing role in rural livelihoods by providing supplementary income, enhancing employment opportunities for women and weaker sections, and reducing dependence on seasonal migration. However, persistent challenges related to wage delays, planning inefficiencies, and institutional accountability constrain the programme’s effectiveness. The study argues that while MGNREGA functions as an important social safety net in the Basar area, its transformative potential depends on improved governance and local-level implementation.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Rakhi Mahata.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Social Science
Page No:
50-59
|
The Fragile Body as Battlefield: Women, Violence, and Power in The Counting House
Abstract
This paper examines The Counting House as a literary interrogation of how women’s bodies become volatile and contested sites within the entangled structures of indenture, colonial capitalism, and patriarchal authority. The novel is read as a text that positions the body simultaneously as a receptacle of violence and coercion and as a fragile yet vital archive of memory and resistance. Drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of postcolonial feminism, biopolitics, and trauma studies, the analysis foregrounds how economic rationality, masculine humiliation, communal surveillance, and reproductive labor shape conditions of embodied vulnerability. At the same time, the narrative is shown to carve out precarious fissures where agency and subversion may emerge, however fraught or fragile. The paper traces the intersections of direct physical brutality with more insidious symbolic and structural violations, attending to the ways somatic memory and the gendered politics of shame and honor regulate individual and collective life. It argues that the novel not only dramatizes the multiple forms of violence inscribed upon the body but also insists on recognizing corporeality as a living historical text, one that preserves counter-histories of trauma, endurance, and survival. By situating embodiment within both the disciplinary logic of the colonial “counting house” and the disruptive potential of resistant subjectivities, the study illuminates the ambivalent role of the body as at once terrain of domination and medium of historical testimony. Ultimately, the novel compels a rethinking of how literature renders visible the intimate entanglements of power, violence, and human resilience.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Chemkop Mossang, Wangkiam Kamhua.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
60-65
|
Traditional Authority and Conflict Regulation among the Nocte: An Analysis of the Ngoathun System in Arunachal Pradesh
Abstract
In tribal societies across generations, people have governed themselves autonomously through customs, shared authority, and collective responsibility, grounded in historical knowledge and lived experience. Long before formal institutions and codified laws existed, these systems of governance were already in place. The Ngoathun stands as a proud example of this tradition of self-governance among the Nocte. It represents a traditional council and judicial system shaped by ancestral wisdom and sustained through cultural continuity. However, despite its central role within the Nocte community, the Ngoathun remains largely undocumented and has received limited scholarly attention.
This paper seeks to understand traditional authority, its structure and functions, and the ways in which conflicts are resolved and regulated within Nocte society. Drawing upon data from primary sources such as oral narratives and field observations, along with secondary literature, the study highlights the importance of indigenous governance systems.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Aman Sandhu.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
66-71
|
The Ethics o f Refusal: Abduction, Trauma, and Subaltern Womanhood in n Partition Literature
Abstract
The historical rupture of 1947, often termed as “The Partition of India,” was one of the most grief-stricken and deadly massacres. The legacy of this historical divide generates a profound ethical discomfort whenever discussed, as most of its enduring consequences were disproportionately borne by abducted women, marked with the stigma of impurity and communal disgrace. While post Partition recovery operations sought to retrieve abducted women in the name of national honor and rehabilitation, these efforts frequently resulted in further psychological harm. Drawing on Gayatri Spivak’s Subaltern Theory, this paper examines how marginalized voices, particularly those of abducted women, remain silenced and excluded from dominant narratives, and how this structural invisibility compounds trauma. By placing an unnamed Sikh woman’s testimony from Urvashi Butalia’s The Other Side of Silence in dialogue with Amrita Pritam’s Pinjar, the paper argues that recovery often intensified trauma by forcing women to abandon newly formed familial bonds while denying them meaningful reintegration into their natal communities.. The study concludes by reading Puro’s refusal of recovery not as submission or passivity but as an ethically justified response to irreversible loss and structural abandonment. By foregrounding women’s testimonies and literary representation,the study challenges celebratory narratives of recovery and calls for a rethinking of rehabilitation as a site of continued domination rather than healing.
| 9 |
Author(s):
manu M.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
72-81
|
A Study of Strategy, Organization, and Legacy in the Ahoms’ Military Administration and Wars
Abstract
The Ahom kingdom (1228–1826 CE) represents one of the most lasting and militarily organised states in pre-modern India. This study examines the organization, strategy, and legacy of the Ahom military administration, highlighting how institutional structure and adaptive warfare enabled the dynasty to defend Assam against formidable adversaries, especially the Mughal Empire. The paper investigates the Paik system, the integration of civil and military responsibilities, the hierarchical administrative framework, and the strategic use of river topography in combat. The Battle of Saraighat (1671) and the long-running Ahom–Mughal wars (1616–1682) are two important military incidents that highlight how leaders like Lachit Borphukan came up with innovative strategies and commanded their soldiers. The study investigates the impact of military organization on socio-political integration by integrating diverse ethnic groupings into a centralised state framework. The collapse of the Ahom government is examined in the context of internal insurrections, fragmented administration, an economic crisis, and colonial involvement culminating in the Treaty of Yandabo (1826). This paper contends that the Ahom combat paradigm, when situated within the comprehensive narrative of South Asian military history, amalgamated decentralised manpower mobilisation with strategic central oversight, so creating a distinctive and lasting military framework. . The Ahom legacy offers significant insights into regional state formation, frontier warfare, and the interplay between military organisation and governance in mediaeval Northeast India.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Tasso Yassung.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
82-92
|
Academic Motivation and Career Aspirations of Undergraduate Students in Tribal Areas
Abstract
The transition to higher education represents a critical phase in shaping academic motivation, career orientations, and life trajectories, especially for students from tribal and geographically peripheral regions. For many, entering undergraduate education signifies not only academic advancement but also an escape from historically limited educational and occupational opportunities. This study examines students’ academic motivation, clarity of career goals, perceptions of institutional support, and evolving future aspirations, highlighting how higher education functions as both an aspirational space and a site of negotiation between ambition and structural constraints.
Using primary survey data collected through structured questionnaires, the study analyses how socio-economic challenges, institutional environments, and exposure to higher education shape students’ outlook towards careers. Quantitative responses reveal patterns of motivation, confidence, and alignment between education and career goals, while qualitative insights reflect changing expectations, awareness of career possibilities, and perceived institutional gaps. Together, the data illustrate the uneven yet transformative impact of undergraduate education in tribal contexts.
Findings show a complex interaction between intrinsic motivation, structural limitations, and emerging aspirations. Students display strong motivation and awareness of diverse career pathways, but financial constraints, limited access to resources, and insufficient career guidance often mediate their aspirations. Institutional support—through career guidance, mentoring, digital resources, and financial assistance—emerges as crucial in translating motivation into achievable outcomes.
By centering students’ experiences within broader socio-economic and institutional frameworks, the study contributes to discourse on higher education in tribal regions. It underscores the need for holistic, context-sensitive interventions that go beyond access to address support, guidance, and equity, positioning higher education institutions as key agents in fostering inclusive development and sustainable career outcomes.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Tasso Yassung.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
93-102
|
Socio-Cultural Determinants of Academic Performance among Undergraduate Students in Tribal Areas
Abstract
Academic performance among undergraduate students in tribal areas is shaped not only by individual aptitude and institutional resources but also by a complex interplay of socio-cultural determinants. Family encouragement, peer support, household responsibilities, participation in cultural practices, and language barriers collectively influence students’ learning experiences and academic outcomes. These factors operate simultaneously as sources of support and as constraints, creating a distinctive educational context for tribal learners. Family support emerges as a crucial motivational force, providing emotional encouragement, guidance, and, in some cases, practical assistance that enables students to persist in their studies. Peer networks also play a significant role by facilitating collaborative learning, information sharing, and mutual academic guidance, particularly in the absence of formal mentoring structures. However, household responsibilities and community obligations often reduce the time available for academic work and contribute to fatigue and stress. Despite these challenges, such responsibilities foster important qualities such as discipline, resilience, time management, and a sense of responsibility, which can positively influence academic commitment. Language barriers remain a significant challenge for many tribal students, especially when the medium of instruction differs from their mother tongue. This linguistic gap can hinder comprehension, classroom participation, and academic confidence, underscoring the need for targeted language support mechanisms within higher education institutions. The study further explores the types of assistance students perceive as essential for academic success, including sustained family encouragement, mentorship, emotional support, and greater community awareness regarding the value of higher education. The findings indicate that while socio-cultural expectations may sometimes constrain study routines, they also transmit positive values that enhance motivation and perseverance. Addressing these factors through a holistic and culturally sensitive approach is therefore essential for fostering academic engagement, improving performance, and ensuring the long-term educational success of tribal undergraduate students
| 12 |
Author(s):
Prof. Pramod Kumar Gupta, Anchal Masih.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
103-113
|
Dalits, Christianity, and the Search for Social Mobility in India
Abstract
In order to promote social mobility, this sociological study looks at religious conversion to Christianity among Dalit groups in India. The study makes the case based on historical and contemporary analysis that conversion signified a break from caste hierarchy as well as a route to wealth accumulation through missionary education. However, the existence of caste in Christian institutions and larger Indian culture fundamentally limited this "ladder of mobility" revolutionary potential. A three-tiered theoretical framework is used in the analysis: 1) faith as an ideological weapon. 2) education as capital conversion and 3) limitations as structural reproduction. This study uses historical archives, ethnographic research, and current survey data to show how the Dalit Christian experience is dialectical, experiencing both ongoing marginalization and partial emancipation at the same time. The study advances notions about social mobility, religious conversion, and the extraordinary tenacity of caste as a social system.
Keywords: education, caste, religious conversion, social mobility, Dalit Christians.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Gyati Nado Yami.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Linguistics
Page No:
114-124
|
English as a Prestige Language and Its Impact on Tribal Language Use: A Field-Based Study
Abstract
The increasing dominance of English as a global and national prestige language has significantly reshaped linguistic hierarchies within tribal societies, where language functions as a core marker of identity, cultural continuity, and indigenous knowledge systems. This study examines the role of English in accelerating language shift and ecological imbalance in tribal linguistic contexts, with particular reference to patterns of language use, intergenerational transmission, and community attitudes toward indigenous languages. Drawing on both secondary sources—such as sociolinguistic literature, policy documents, and UNESCO reports—and primary data collected through a field survey of 60 respondents from tribal communities, the study provides an empirically grounded analysis of contemporary language dynamics. The findings indicate that English operates not merely as a communicative tool but as symbolic and socio-economic capital, strongly associated with education, employment, and upward mobility. This prestige has led to a functional redistribution of languages, wherein English dominates formal domains such as schooling and administration, while tribal languages are increasingly confined to domestic and ceremonial spaces. Such domain restriction has weakened intergenerational transmission and diminished the perceived value of indigenous languages, particularly among younger generations. The study argues that the unchecked expansion of English threatens the sustainability of tribal linguistic ecosystems by marginalizing indigenous languages and eroding culturally embedded knowledge systems. It concludes by emphasizing the need for ecologically balanced language policies, mother tongue–based multilingual education, and community-driven revitalization initiatives to ensure that linguistic modernization does not come at the cost of cultural and linguistic diversity.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Dr. Seema R., Dr. Tumpha Deb.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
125-135
|
Insights from Ancient Indian Education: Fostering Skills and Values for Holistic Development
Abstract
The purpose of education is to protect and nurture a child’s mind and not mere academic excellence. Moreover, in the present scenario, education should aim to prepare a child for life through accomplishment of an intelligent, self- disciplined and resilient mind. Several research studies have highlighted the need of enriching the quality of education system. Considering the mental, physical and emotional well-being of students, New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is targeting on holistic development by imparting 21st century skills in each learner which a major role in witnessing an era of intense global transformation. Ancient Indian education system (AIES) involved the best teaching learning practices and stands globally high and noble which aimed on cultivation of character, personality development since it was skill and value based. Therefore, this paper aims to revisit some of the major teaching learning practices of ancient Indian educational system that could be focused for imbibing life skills and values considering the practical applicability to improve the quality of present educational system.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Tamesh Nyokir.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Geography
Page No:
136-145
|
Impact of Modernisation on Local Ecology: A Case Study of Upper Subansiri District, Arunachal Pradesh.
Abstract
Modernisation has increasingly shaped development trajectories in ecologically sensitive regions of India, particularly in the hill districts of the North-East. Upper Subansiri District of Arunachal Pradesh represents a fragile socio-ecological landscape where infrastructure expansion and changing livelihood patterns have intensified interactions between development and the natural environment. This study examines the impact of modernisation on local ecology through a primary survey-based analysis, focusing on community perceptions of environmental change. The research is based on data collected through structured questionnaires comprising both closed-ended and open-ended questions. The study explores key ecological dimensions, including forest degradation, changes in water resources, wildlife disturbance, landslides, and the transformation of traditional ecological practices. Findings indicate that a majority of respondents perceive significant environmental changes linked to modernisation, particularly due to road construction, village expansion, and increased use of non-biodegradable materials. Forest loss and fragmentation have contributed to declining availability of forest-based resources, while drying of natural springs and pollution of small streams have intensified water insecurity. Increased soil erosion and landslides during the monsoon further reflect ecological instability in the region. The study also reveals a shift in community dependence on forests, driven not by ecological recovery but by reduced access and changing consumption patterns. Respondents expressed concerns regarding the environmental sustainability of current development models and emphasized the need for community-based forest management, planned construction, and stricter environmental regulation. Overall, the findings highlight the cumulative and interconnected nature of ecological impacts resulting from modernisation and underscore the importance of integrating local knowledge and participatory approaches into development planning in ecologically fragile regions.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Mousumi Dutta, Prof. Gayatree Goswami.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
146-152
|
A Study on the Relation between Teacher Burnout and Teacher Effectiveness among the Private College Teachers of Assam
Abstract
The current study examines the connection between teacher effectiveness and burnout among private college teachers in the Nagaon district, Assam. High workloads, administrative requirements, and stress related to the job are frequently linked to teaching in private higher education institutions. These factors can lead to burnout and have an impact on teaching effectiveness. A quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was used in the investigation. Using the random selection technique, 105 teachers from 5 private colleges in the Nagaon district were chosen as a sample. The Teacher Effectiveness Scale by Dr. Shallu Puri and S.C. Gakhar was used to measure teacher effectiveness, while the Teacher Burnout Scale by Madhu Gupta and Surekha Rani was used to measure burnout. The link between the variables and their dimensions was investigated using Pearson's Product Moment Correlation. The results showed a strong inverse association between teacher effectiveness and burnout, suggesting that reduced teaching effectiveness is linked to higher levels of burnout. Effectiveness was positively correlated with personal achievement but adversely correlated with depersonalisation and emotional tiredness. The study highlights the necessity of stress management techniques, professional development initiatives, and institutional interventions in order to lower burnout and improve teacher effectiveness at private colleges.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Dr. BHAWNA SHARMA.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
153-165
|
Zawabit and Administrative Discipline in the Mughal Empire
Abstract
The Mughal Empire was established on the foundation of military strength and effective war tactics. Thus, once they established themselves in Indian subcontinent, they tried to ensure an effective governance over a vast consolidated diverse empire by accumulation of the Islamic principles and practical state regulations. Among them, Zawabit implemented secular and administrative laws thus highlighting the Mughal Emperors’ role in maintaining public order, regulating officials and safeguarding the interest of both the masses and the state.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Smita D Sangma.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
166-177
|
History, Memory and Trauma: Writing Against Erasure in Han Kang’s Human Acts
Abstract
This paper explores how Han Kang in her novel Human Acts (2014) writes against historical erasure of the Gwangju massacre perpetrated by the state in May 1980. This paper argues that this novel is an attempt to subvert the official historiography of the Gwangju massacre and bring to light the truth about state brutality legitimized in the name of subduing communist involvement from North Korea. The narrative centres around different characters whose lives become inextricably entangled during those fateful days leading to the eventual suppression of the protest through extreme violence by the army. I will also argue that the characters resist official historiography by telling their own history through individual and collective remembrances. The novel critiques the wilful negligence of the then governing officials to acknowledge the violent atrocities committed against the people of Gwangju during the 1980 democratization movement, and the absence of the so called ‘conscience” in these perpetrators. This paper will also argue that the novel is a reminder of the deepest wounds of history and to never forget, considering the contemporary South Korean Political scenario. I will also argue that the characters, including the writer are resilient against violence and injustice through their own separate individual efforts. The novel tells a profound story of resilience, human empathy and resistance against state brutality.
| 19 |
Author(s):
Vishal Sharma, Dr. Shreenathdhar Dwivedi.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sanskrit
Page No:
178-182
|
शब्दब्रह्मणः शक्तिमतानां भेदादिविचारः
Abstract
असौ मीमांसाशास्त्रीयं वाक्यविज्ञानं शब्दशास्त्रीयं पदविज्ञानं च व्याख्यातुं समं प्रसरति। अथ च वेदान्तशास्त्रीयं जगद्ब्रहौक्यविज्ञानमपि शब्दव्याख्यामाध्यमेन अत्र गुम्फितम् इत्यपरमस्य वैशिष्ट्यम् अस्ति। भर्तृहरेः पूर्व पाणिनीयं व्याकरणमिदं शब्दसिद्धिकरं शास्त्रमासीत् केवलं लोके विश्रुतम्। यद्यपि व्याडिविरचिते संग्रहग्रन्थे सर्वेऽपि दार्शनिकपक्षाः दर्शिताः। त्रिमुन्यन्यतमेन पतञ्जलिना महाभाष्ये यत्र तत्र दर्शनशास्त्रीया अपि विषयाः समारोपिताः सन्ति, परं 'व्याकरणं दर्शनम्' इति रूपेणानुज्ञानं नासीत् वाक्यपदीयात् पूर्वम्। अयमस्ति सर्वतः पूर्वं भर्तृहरेरनुग्रहो यत् व्याकरणमिदम् अपरं दर्शनमिति रूपेण प्रतिज्ञातं वर्तते। अस्मिन् शोधपत्रे शब्दब्रह्मणः स्वरूपम्, तथा च शब्दशक्तिमतानां भेदादिविचाराणां विषये प्रतिपाद्यते। शक्तिमतेषु षड्भावविकाराणां प्रासङ्गिकता इत्यादयः पक्षाः अत्र प्रस्तूयन्ते।
| 20 |
Author(s):
Dr. Shahjamal.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
183-189
|
Social Equity and Sustainable Development
Abstract
Social equity and sustainable development are deeply interconnected concepts that together aim to create a just, inclusive and environmentally balanced society.Sustainale development as defined by the Brundtland Commission, emphasizes meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.However,this goal cannot be achieved without ensuring social equity, which focuses on fairness, justice and equal access to opportunities and resources for all sections of society. Persistent inequalities based on income, gender, caste, ethnicity, region and access to education and healthcare continue to hinder sustainable development efforts, particularly in developing countries.
KEYWORDS:
Social equity, Sustainable Development, Inclusive Growth, Social Justice, SDGs
| 21 |
Author(s):
Dr. Mirza Md. Sabbir.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
190-199
|
Muslim Women’s Education in Colonial India
Abstract
The education of Muslim women in colonial India came out at the point of interaction between the imperial education policy, community reform, and the socio-cultural standards. The literature in the wider fields of disciplinary colonial history, gender studies and sociology of education is that access to education among Muslim women was defined by disproportionate interactions with Western knowledge, religious traditions, and competing imaginings of modernity. The fundamental issue discussed in the academic literature is the relentless marginalisation of Muslim women in colonial educational systems, even though the institutions and reformist practises have been extended in the nineteenth and the first part of the twentieth centuries. Basing on literature-based and analytical studies, the reviewed materials show that colonial policies inclined themselves to pay more attention to communal considerations, elite interests, and supported gendered expectations according to which women received education that was limited to domesticity, moral training, and controlled literacy. Simultaneously, Muslim reformers and women activists bargained these restrictions by carefully pushing schooling, women institutions, and curriculum changes, which were in keeping with the religious and cultural standards. The case studies conducted in the region, especially those conducted in Bengal and North India, underscore the fact that the discussions on purdah, law, as well as the identity of the community directly affected the educational attendance and performance. All in all, the literature indicates that the educational experiences of the colonial times were crucial in the social positioning and identity formation of Muslim women as well as their future empowerment patterns. The historical knowledge offers a critical interpretive perspective of inequalities faced by Muslim women in South Asian education today.
| 22 |
Author(s):
Shruthi L, Dakshayini, RaghuNandan G H.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Commerce
Page No:
200-209
|
A Study on Impact of Digital Payment Services on Consumer Satisfaction
Abstract
In recent years, digital payments have quickly spread throughout the Indian economy. This rapid growth has been attributed to a number of factors, including coordinated efforts by policy makers (RBI & Government), rapid evolution in payment infrastructure from both the supply side (POS Terminals, ATMs, QR Codes, etc.) and demand side (Cards, UPI, Fast Tag, etc.), network infrastructure (Mobile Telephony, 4G, Internet, etc.), and consumer centricity (Frauds, System Uptime, Ease of Use, etc.). When it comes to choosing how to pay for a transaction, consumers have more options than ever before. They have more options now than just cash. Since consumer behavior is evolving quickly, this study attempts to comprehend how digital payments affect Indian consumers' purchasing decisions and consumer satisfaction level. The objective of the study is to study the factors influence to adopt digital payment services among customers and to evaluate customer satisfaction towards digital payment services. The research design was qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods. Researchers use various methods to collect data, such as surveys, interviews, observations, experiments research. Sampling size is 50. To analyze the data and make inferences, the researchers employ statistical or qualitative analysis tools. This could entail manually coding qualitative data or using programs like SPSS.
| 23 |
Author(s):
Ms. Madhusree Roy.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Geography
Page No:
210-220
|
Mapping Marginality: A Study of SC and ST Population Distribution in North Bengal, India
Abstract
This study analyses the spatial distribution and demographic inequality of Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) populations in North Bengal, covering six districts-Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Darjeeling, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur, and Maldah-using Census 2011 data. The research combines graphical techniques (pie charts and bar diagrams) with quantitative measures such as the Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient to assess inequality across rural and urban areas.
Findings reveal that the SC population is relatively evenly distributed (G = 0.194), with the highest concentration in Koch Bihar (50.17%). In contrast, the ST population shows greater spatial unevenness (G = 0.37), particularly in urban areas where inequality is pronounced (G = 0.65). The region remains predominantly rural, with over 85% of residents living in rural areas in most districts. Urban SC and especially ST populations are comparatively low, with ST representation falling below 1% in several districts.
The study highlights persistent rural-urban disparities and recommends spatially targeted welfare initiatives, improved urban inclusion policies, and regular inequality monitoring to promote equitable and inclusive regional development.
Keywords: SC, ST, Spatial Inequality, North Bengal, Rural-Urban Divide, Gini Coefficient.
| 24 |
Author(s):
Subhrajyoti Nayak.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
221-227
|
Multidisciplinarity and Disciplinary Fusion: A Critical Analysis in the Context of NEP 2020
Abstract
As educational landscapes evolve, classrooms increasingly mirror the complexity and diversity of the societies they serve. Within this shifting terrain, traditional teaching-learning practices reveal their limitations in responding to varied learner needs, calling for a renewed vision of education. This article presents a critical analysis of multidisciplinarity and disciplinary fusion in the context of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. It examines their conceptual foundations, major approaches, and policy alignment, while highlighting the challenges associated with institutional structures, teacher preparedness, and assessment practices. The article also discusses strategies for preparing future teachers to implement disciplinary fusion effectively. Overall, it explains the potential of integrative learning approaches to foster holistic development, critical thinking, and adaptability, thereby contributing to the preparation of future-ready educators and learners in a rapidly evolving educational landscape.
| 25 |
Author(s):
AMAL ABDUL KALAM.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
228-234
|
Unpacking The Layers of Oppression : Muslim Women’s Experiences of Islamophobia, Misogyny and Patriarchy in Kerala
Abstract
Social media presents a double-edged sword for Muslim women in Kerala, offering both empowering opportunities and complex challenges. On one hand, it provides a platform for self-expression, social connection, and community engagement, enabling women to voice their opinions and mobilize for social change. On the other hand, it also exposes them to patriarchal surveillance, religious conservatism, and cyberbullying, which can restrict their autonomy and agency. Furthermore, the perpetuation of stereotypes and biases on social media can contribute to the marginalization and exclusion of Muslim women. Despite these challenges, Muslim women in Kerala are leveraging social media to redefine their identities, challenge societal norms, and assert their rights, making it a vital tool for self-expression and empowerment. Muslim women in Kerala use social media to voice their opinions, share their experiences, and connect with others who share similar interests and experiences. Social media has enabled them to challenge societal norms and stereotypes, and to assert their rights and identities. However, the perpetuation of biases and stereotypes on social media can contribute to the marginalization and exclusion of Muslim women.
Keywords : stereotypes, cyberbullying, exclusion, patriarchy, marginalization
| 26 |
Author(s):
Subrata Das.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Philosophy
Page No:
235-244
|
Jean-Paul Sartre and Rabindranath Tagore on Humanism: A Comparative Discussion
Abstract
Humanism is an ethical philosophy that places the human being at the center of moral reflection, highlighting the importance of human autonomy, inherent worth and the capacity for self-determination.This essay offers a comparative exploration of the humanistic thought of Jean-Paul Sartre and Rabindranath Tagore in light of their respective philosophical insights. Sartre’s existentialist humanism is fundamentally grounded in a atheistic conception of humanity, foregrounding individual freedom, responsibility and the ideal of self-creation. Existentialism is a philosophical doctrine that places primary emphasis on the individual self, free will and personal responsibility. This philosophy regards human consciousness as an autonomous and self-determining force that plays an active role in shaping its interpretation and application. According to Sartre, Existence precedes essence; that is, human beings first exist and subsequently define their essence through conscious choice and action. Consequently, the individual bears complete responsibility for their own being and each act of choice implicitly projects a model for all humankind. In this sense, human freedom is inseparable from an inescapable ethical accountability.
In contrast, Tagore’s humanism embodies a synthesis of spirituality and a profound sense of harmony. He affirms the infinite potential of the human being and envisions the unfolding of creativity as an expression of this inner plenitude. In Tagore’s thought, the human person is not an isolated entity but an integral part of nature, society and the universal consciousness. Love, cooperation and empathy towards others constitute essential dimensions of his humanism, which ultimately aspires toward an ideal of universal humanity grounded in unity and spiritual communion. While Sartre’s intellectual consciousness freedom is inseparably linked with responsibility- a position that finds clear articulation in the existential humanism of Sartre. Rabindranath Tagore’s humanism, by contrast , foregrounds the ideals of unity, spiritual potentiality and universal love.
| 27 |
Author(s):
Dr. Kabita Ghosh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
245-254
|
Teaching Literature through the Lens of English Language Teaching: A Teachers’ Challenges and Breakthrough
Abstract
Teaching literature within the framework of English Language Teaching (ELT) has undergone a significant pedagogical shift from content-driven literary appreciation to learner-centred language development. Literary texts are increasingly viewed as rich resources for enhancing linguistic competence, communicative ability, cultural awareness, and critical thinking. This paper explores the challenges faced by teachers while teaching literature from an ELT perspective and highlights the pedagogical, professional, and learner-centred achievements emerging from this approach. Drawing upon ELT theories and classroom practices, the study argues that despite practical constraints, teaching literature through ELT contributes meaningfully to holistic language education. The methods and principles of language teaching may effectively be utilised for conduction of literature classes ensuring learner’s holistic language skill development. The research paper specifically highlights on the constraints a language teacher faces while teaching literature, and then the achievements that come gradually in the form of learners’ overall language development. A few challenges discussed in the papers are: linguistics complexity of literary texts, motivation of learners, cultural hinderances, constraints associated to learners’ assessment etc. The paper also highlights some of the key achievements that a language teachers may achieve in this process such as: integrated skill development, authentic communication, leaner’s emotional engagement, development of critical thinking, teacher’s professional development etc.
| 28 |
Author(s):
SHARMISTHA BASU.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Ayurveda
Page No:
255-265
|
Microbiome-Mediated Pharmacognosy: A New Paradigm to Drug Discovery
Abstract
The science of life which is more than 3000 years old – ‘Ayurveda’, is vital for maintaining holistic health by balancing body, mind and soul through personalised and natural preventive care methods. Ayurveda emphases in identifying the root cause of illness rather than just treating the symptoms, for promoting long-term wellness. Ancient, fermented formulations like Asava, Arishta, Takra, and Kanji can convert plant glycosides into aglycones and generate postbiotic molecules which can enhance preservation and drug delivery under alcoholic media. The present article is the amalgamation of classical Ayurvedic knowledge with the modern techniques like Pharmacometagenomics, metabolomics, and functional bioassays, highlighting the importance of microbiome mediated pharmacognosy. There are research gaps in quantity, fermentation, microbiome, mapping, postbiotic molecular characterisation and clinical relation of fermented formulation effects on human gut ecology. However, by bridging the gap between the modern science and the traditional wisdom, a fermentation model can be created, which can be treated as a model system for developing the next generation, therapeutics for enhanced bioavailability, targeted gut modulation, and novel antimicrobial strategies
| 29 |
Author(s):
Dr. Oinam Sadananda Singh, Kshetrimayum Somen Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
266-274
|
INCLUSIVENESS, TRANSPARENCY AND PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIONS IN MANIPUR: CHALLENGES IN 21st CENTURY RURAL GOVERNANCE
Abstract
The study examines how Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) act as the foundation of grassroot democracy, emphasizing a liberal, equitable society and good governance. As Decentralization and resource sharing are essential to bring inclusiveness in governance, it is crucial to make local-self government a self-reliant entity. The 73rd constitutional amendment Act 1992 is such an initiative enabling local bodies to function independently with accountability, participatory democracy and gender inclusiveness. While further globalization and neo liberalism reconnect regions and deepen economic integration, they also reshape democratic values by prioritizing market mechanisms resulting in expanded choices for some, but also creating complex challenges for local autonomy and socio-economic equity. Owing to the increasing importance of the digital age, Government initiatives like the e-Panchayat Mission Mode Project under the Digital India Programme are steps towards making local self-government accountable, participatory and transparent. Based on this, the study carries out a comparative analysis of the devolution of power, Inclusiveness and transparency across states of Manipur, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Interpretive research method and content analysis in a qualitative kind are carried out in the study. The gap between policy and implementation is a matter of concern to be looked at. The study outlines the challenges in implementing the provisions of the 73rd Amendment Act in valley districts of Manipur. This research paper adds value to the discussion as it covers the importance of e-governance and digital world in efficient working of PRIs in 21st century.
Keywords
73rd Constitutional Amendment, Panchayati Raj Institutions, e-Panchayat Mission, Gender inclusiveness, Good governance.
| 30 |
Author(s):
Ankur Siyote, Mohan A K.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Social Work
Page No:
275-287
|
Count the Uncounted: Denotified, Nomadic, and Semi-Nomadic Communities in India
Abstract
Denotified, Nomadic, and Semi-Nomadic Tribes (DNTs) are among the most marginalized social groups in India, yet they remain statistically invisible within the country’s data architecture. Despite the repeal of the Criminal Tribes Act in 1952, the absence of a distinct category for DNTs in the Census of India 2011 has reinforced their exclusion from welfare planning, monitoring, and evaluation. The lack of reliable, disaggregated demographic data produces persistent misrecognition, resulting in inconsistent classification under Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, or Other Backward Classes, or omission from records altogether. Successive commissions, including the Renke Commission (2008) and the Idate Commission (2018), have emphasized the need for an enumeration framework that captures the unique socio-economic and cultural realities of these communities. Evidence from state initiatives such as mobile ration systems in Karnataka tandas and Ashramshalas for Pardhis in Maharashtra illustrates how responsive interventions become effective when informed by data. This paper argues for the integration of DNTs into future census exercises and proposes the creation of a dedicated Ministry for Denotified and Nomadic Tribes to enable identification, data-driven policymaking, and the protection of cultural identities, thereby advancing inclusive development and social justice for DNT communities.
| 31 |
Author(s):
Shilpa Bharti, Dr. Binita Verma, Mr. Reshabh Dev.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
288-299
|
Determining the Underlying Dimensions of Economic Vulnerability of Women in the Unorganised Sector of Work: Factor Analysis of Muzaffarpur district.
Abstract
The organized sector being the focus of the Indian women makes up a high percentage of the total workforce in India; however, they continue to face high levels of economic insecurity due to their constantly changing, temporary, often unstable employment status, poor working conditions as well as inadequate social security provisions. The current research paper attempts to determine the latent aspects of economic vulnerability of female workers who work in the unorganized sector of Muzaffarpur district. The study is based on the primary data obtained due to the use of the structured questionnaire that will be distributed among the female informal workers, who will be presented as the representatives of various branches of occupation. To define the latent pattern of economic vulnerability an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used. The review uncovered four major dimensions of economic insecurity affecting the women and they were the economic and employment insecurity; poor conditions of working and threats to work-related health conditions; constraints in social and gender facets; and unpredictability in jobs and salaries. All these dimensions suggest that economic vulnerability cannot be explained by one or two factors but is formed by the combination of the financial, occupational, and social backgrounds. The results support the assumption that there are numerous latent factors that determine the economic vulnerability of female unorganized workers. The article provides empirical data at the district level and it emphasizes the need to have combined and gender sensitive policy measures so that more women can improve their income security, work stability and social safety net in the unorganized sector.
| 32 |
Author(s):
Bholanath Samanta.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Library and Information Science
Page No:
300-306
|
Copyright In India: A Brief Study
Abstract
This article offers a comprehensive and analytical study of copyright law in India, examining its philosophical origins, historical evolution, statutory framework, enforcement mechanisms, and contemporary developments. Anchored in the Copyright Act, 1957, India’s copyright regime is designed to protect the economic and moral interests of creators while simultaneously advancing public access to knowledge, culture, and innovation. Over time, the law has evolved in response to globalization, rapid technological progress, and the digitization of creative industries.
The discussion traces the conceptual foundations of copyright from early historical narratives to modern statutory systems. It evaluates the structure and key provisions of the 1957 Act, including the scope of protection, duration of rights, moral rights, fair dealing exceptions, and the classification of protected works. The article also analyzes the role of administrative bodies such as the Copyright Office and the importance of judicial interpretation in shaping copyright jurisprudence. Special attention is given to the impact of international agreements, including the Berne Convention and the TRIPS Agreement, which have significantly influenced domestic reforms.
Furthermore, the article explores contemporary challenges such as digital piracy, cross-border infringement, online content dissemination, and enforcement delays. By examining landmark judicial decisions and legislative amendments, including reforms introduced in 2012 and 2021, the study highlights both the strengths and limitations of the current framework. Ultimately, it emphasizes the delicate balance that copyright law must maintain between protecting creators’ rights and ensuring public access in a dynamic digital environment.
| 33 |
Author(s):
Dr. Sumitra Sharma.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
307-312
|
घुमन्तु समुदाय के समक्ष उभरती सामाजिक आर्थिक चुनौतियां
Abstract
भारतीय समाज में विविध आधारों पर विभिन्नताएं देखी जा सकती है। एक और सभ्य समाज जिसे हम मुख्यधारा का समाज भी कह सकते हैं, वहीं दूसरी ओर पहाड़ों, जंगलों, वन क्षेत्रों में वह मुख्यधारा से दूर व दुर्गम स्थानों में रहने वाले समूह जिन्हें आदिवासी या जनजाति समाज/समुदाय कह सकते हैं। यहाँ एक ओर संस्थात्मक आधार पर जाति आधारित समाज है जो भेदभाव पर आधारित है, वहीं दूसरी ओर जाति व्यवस्था से परे कुछ अन्य समूह जो अपनी पृथक पहचान रखते हैं तथा एक स्थान पर स्थाई रूप से नहीं रहकर निरंतर एक जगह से दूसरी जगह घूमते रहते हैं, घुमन्तू समुदाय कहलाते हैं।
घुमन्तू अर्द्ध घुमन्तू तथा विमुक्त जनजाति भारतीय समाज का एक अभिन्न अंग है। अभिन्न एवं महत्वपूर्ण अंग होते हुए भी घुमन्तू समुदाय समाज का मात्र उपेक्षित भाग ही नहीं है वरन समाज का जटिल भाग भी है। यह समुदाय सामाजिक, आर्थिक, शैक्षणिक व राजनीतिक आधारों पर पिछड़ा हुआ है। उनकी समस्याएं वस्तुतः वर्तमान से ही नहीं जुड़ी हुई है वरन इन समस्याओं की जड़ें इतिहास से भी गहन रूप में जुड़ी हुई है।
वर्तमान में इंटरनेट के जमाने में सामाजिक व आर्थिक व्यवस्था में आ रहे परिवर्तनों व परिवर्तित होती हुई पारिस्थितकी के कारण घुमन्तू समुदायों के समक्ष कई प्रकार की सामाजिक आर्थिक चुनौतियां उत्पन्न हो रही है। यहाँ कुछ प्रश्न उभर कर आते है कि क्या वर्तमान में उभरते हुए नवीन आर्थिक प्रतिमानों के कारण घुमन्तू समुदायों के समक्ष आजीविका का संकट उपस्थित हो रहा है या इसके पीछे राजनीतिक कारक जिम्मेदार है? क्या आर्थिक संकट के कारण घुमन्तू समुदाय की सामाजिक प्रस्थिति प्रभावित हो रही है। क्या उचित व मजबूत नेतृत्व के अभाव में तथा कम वोट बैंक के कारण इनकी समस्याओं पर सही ढंग से विचार नहीं किया जा रहा है? प्रस्तुत प्रपत्र का प्रमुख उद्देश्य इन उभरते हुए प्रश्नों पर विचार करना तथा भारत में घुमन्तू समुदायों के समक्ष उत्पन्न होती सामाजिक आर्थिक चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करना है।
| 34 |
Author(s):
Piyush Kanti Mukherjee.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
313-320
|
The Architecture of Achievement: Synthesizing Educational Philosophy and the Confidence-Excellence Paradigm
Abstract
Abstract: Academic excellence is traditionally defined by test-based outcomes, criterion-referenced assessments, and other measurable indicators. These measurement frameworks limit student achievement to numerical achievement and often ignore the psychological aspects of the teaching-learning process. A student's self-confidence, self-efficacy, which deeply influences his goal setting, perseverance, applied thinking, and interpretation of failure, are not given due importance in traditional assessment systems. The present article identifies self-confidence as a structural prerequisite for academic excellence and analyzes it as a key driving force.
The article proposes a model that integrates self-efficacy theory, growth mindset, social constructivism, and experiential learning, which is called the "Confidence-Excellence Cycle". This model shows how the interrelationship between belief, effort, and success is centered in a mutually reinforcing cycle. Research has shown that mastery experiences enhance student performance; scaffolding provides a supportive framework for learning at every level; deliberate practice strengthens student performance; and the effort mindset sees failure as an opportunity to learn rather than a defeat (Bandura, 1997; Dweck, 2006; Vygotsky, 1978). In addition, the depletion of productive effort due to the immediate availability of data and overreliance on modern digital systems is challenging the sustainability of academic excellence (Kirschner & De Bruyckere, 2017). This article proposes to build an organized framework of confidence-based excellence by integrating different theoretical perspectives that reveal perspectives that are applicable to educational policy and classroom teaching.
| 35 |
Author(s):
Dr. Mehsina Sabnam.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Comparative Literature
Page No:
321-327
|
Code-Switching as Resistance: Linguistic Hybridity in Northeast Indian Fiction
Abstract
This paper delves into the complex relationship between language, identity, and resistance in contemporary Northeast Indian fiction, foregrounding code-switching as a significant literary and political strategy. Situated within the intersecting frameworks of postcolonial theory, sociolinguistics, and discourse studies, this paper aims to explore how linguistic hybridity functions not merely as a reflection of multilingual realities but as a deliberate act of cultural assertion and ideological defiance. Writers from Northeast India frequently interweave English with indigenous languages such as Ao, Adi, Khasi, Mizo, Assamese, and Nagamese, thereby unsettling the authority of standardized Indian English and resisting homogenizing national and colonial linguistic structures. Through sustained textual engagement with selected works by Mamang Dai, Temsula Ao, Easterine Kire, Aruni Kashyap, and Rita Chowdhury, the study examines the narrative and political implications of lexical insertion, dialogic shifts, syntactic hybridity, and untranslatability. Drawing upon Homi K. Bhabha’s theorization of hybridity, Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of heteroglossia, and sociolinguistic theories of code-switching advanced by Gumperz and Myers-Scotton, the paper situates linguistic hybridity within broader debates on subaltern agency and decolonial aesthetics. By interrogating the politics of language in a historically marginalized region, the research contributes to contemporary discussions in Indian English studies and postcolonial linguistics, arguing for a reconceptualization of code-switching as a transformative literary practice rather than a peripheral stylistic feature.
Keywords: Code-switching, Linguistic hybridity, Northeast India, Postcolonial, Heteroglossia, Identity construction.
